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Node Status
The status of a node in Kubernetes is a critical aspect of managing a Kubernetes cluster. In this article, we'll cover the basics of monitoring and maintaining node status to ensure a healthy and stable cluster.
Node status fields
A Node's status contains the following information:
You can use kubectl
to view a Node's status and other details:
kubectl describe node <insert-node-name-here>
Each section of the output is described below.
Addresses
The usage of these fields varies depending on your cloud provider or bare metal configuration.
- HostName: The hostname as reported by the node's kernel. Can be overridden via the kubelet
--hostname-override
parameter. - ExternalIP: Typically the IP address of the node that is externally routable (available from outside the cluster).
- InternalIP: Typically the IP address of the node that is routable only within the cluster.
Conditions
The conditions
field describes the status of all Running
nodes. Examples of conditions include:
Node Condition | Description |
---|---|
Ready | True if the node is healthy and ready to accept pods, False if the node is not healthy and is not accepting pods, and Unknown if the node controller has not heard from the node in the last node-monitor-grace-period (default is 40 seconds) |
DiskPressure | True if pressure exists on the disk size—that is, if the disk capacity is low; otherwise False |
MemoryPressure | True if pressure exists on the node memory—that is, if the node memory is low; otherwise False |
PIDPressure | True if pressure exists on the processes—that is, if there are too many processes on the node; otherwise False |
NetworkUnavailable | True if the network for the node is not correctly configured, otherwise False |
SchedulingDisabled
. SchedulingDisabled
is not a Condition in the Kubernetes API; instead,
cordoned nodes are marked Unschedulable in their spec.In the Kubernetes API, a node's condition is represented as part of the .status
of the Node resource. For example, the following JSON structure describes a healthy node:
"conditions": [
{
"type": "Ready",
"status": "True",
"reason": "KubeletReady",
"message": "kubelet is posting ready status",
"lastHeartbeatTime": "2019-06-05T18:38:35Z",
"lastTransitionTime": "2019-06-05T11:41:27Z"
}
]
When problems occur on nodes, the Kubernetes control plane automatically creates
taints that match the conditions
affecting the node. An example of this is when the status
of the Ready condition
remains Unknown
or False
for longer than the kube-controller-manager's NodeMonitorGracePeriod
,
which defaults to 40 seconds. This will cause either an node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
taint, for an Unknown
status,
or a node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
taint, for a False
status, to be added to the Node.
These taints affect pending pods as the scheduler takes the Node's taints into consideration when
assigning a pod to a Node. Existing pods scheduled to the node may be evicted due to the application
of NoExecute
taints. Pods may also have tolerations that let
them schedule to and continue running on a Node even though it has a specific taint.
See Taint Based Evictions and Taint Nodes by Condition for more details.
Capacity and Allocatable
Describes the resources available on the node: CPU, memory, and the maximum number of pods that can be scheduled onto the node.
The fields in the capacity block indicate the total amount of resources that a Node has. The allocatable block indicates the amount of resources on a Node that is available to be consumed by normal Pods.
You may read more about capacity and allocatable resources while learning how to reserve compute resources on a Node.
Info
Describes general information about the node, such as kernel version, Kubernetes version (kubelet and kube-proxy version), container runtime details, and which operating system the node uses. The kubelet gathers this information from the node and publishes it into the Kubernetes API.
Heartbeats
Heartbeats, sent by Kubernetes nodes, help your cluster determine the availability of each node, and to take action when failures are detected.
For nodes there are two forms of heartbeats:
- updates to the
.status
of a Node - Lease objects
within the
kube-node-lease
namespace. Each Node has an associated Lease object.
Compared to updates to .status
of a Node, a Lease is a lightweight resource.
Using Leases for heartbeats reduces the performance impact of these updates
for large clusters.
The kubelet is responsible for creating and updating the .status
of Nodes,
and for updating their related Leases.
- The kubelet updates the node's
.status
either when there is change in status or if there has been no update for a configured interval. The default interval for.status
updates to Nodes is 5 minutes, which is much longer than the 40 second default timeout for unreachable nodes. - The kubelet creates and then updates its Lease object every 10 seconds
(the default update interval). Lease updates occur independently from
updates to the Node's
.status
. If the Lease update fails, the kubelet retries, using exponential backoff that starts at 200 milliseconds and capped at 7 seconds.